In general, no. Most keyboards that you find have few brains and a matrix of switches, and not much more. They have enough brains to communicate via USB when scanning their matrix of switches. The whole mess is in one masked chip that you cannot change to program.
There are several keyboards that do things such as switching keys or macro programming on the keyboard, but they are quite rare and / or quite expensive. And, in my experience, pretty damn annoying when you accidentally hit the "program macro" by accident.
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