ARM SVM mode is introduced when an exception occurs (not IRQ or FIQ - fast IRQ). It can also be entered directly with non-user code by setting the CPRS register, but I think this is unusual, except when initializing the system.
When an exception occurs, the processor switches to the SVC stack, which must be installed very early during system initialization. I assume that your initialization code incorrectly configures the SVC stack, or it is possible that one of the exception handlers is incorrectly encoded and destroys the stack.
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