How to prevent a full table scan while executing a simple JOIN?

Question

I have two tables: TableA and TableB:

CREATE TABLE `TableA` (
  `shared_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0',
  `foo` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`shared_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1


CREATE TABLE `TableB` (
  `shared_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `bar` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  KEY `shared_id` (`shared_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1001 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 

Here is my request:

SELECT TableB.bar 
FROM TableB, TableA 
WHERE TableA.foo = 1000 
AND TableA.shared_id = TableB.shared_id;

Here's the problem:

mysql> explain SELECT TableB.bar FROM TableB, TableA WHERE TableA.foo = 1000 AND TableA.shared_id = TableB.shared_id;

+----+-------------+--------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------------------------------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table        | type   | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref                                      | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+--------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------------------------------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | TableB       | ALL    | shared_id     | NULL    | NULL    | NULL                                     | 1000 |             |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | TableA       | eq_ref | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | MyDatabase.TableB.shared_id              |    1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+--------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------------------------------+------+-------------+

Is there an index I can add that will prevent a full scan of the TableB table?

Answer 1

Runcible, your request may use some rewriting. You should always specify your JOIN clauses in the ON clause, and not in the WHERE clause.

Your request will look like this:

SELECT TableB.bar 
FROM TableB
JOIN TableA
ON TableB.shared_id = TableA.shared_id
AND TableA.foo = 1000;

You not only want to do this:

ALTER TABLE TableB ADD INDEX (shared_id,bar);

You need to add the index as follows:

ALTER TABLE TableA ADD INDEX (foo, shared_id);

Do this and specify the output of EXPLAIN.

Also note that by adding an index to (shared_id, bar), you just made your (shared_id) index redundant. Throw it.