How often is a programming language issue an important issue?

Question

It seems that I often hear people criticizing certain programming languages ​​because they "have poor performance" or because some other language is "faster" at all (not necessarily for a specific application). However, my experience and education taught me that at any time when you have performance problems, at least one of the following probably occurs:

• The bottleneck is not in the CPU, but in another device, for example, on a network or on a hard disk.
• Slow performance is caused by your algorithms, not the language you use.

My general impression is that the speed of the programming language itself is practically irrelevant in the vast majority of cases with exceptions for serious data processing problems. Even in these cases, I believe that you can use a hybrid approach and use a lower level language only for fragments that require a processor so that you do not lose the benefits of a more abstract language at all.

Do you agree? Is the speed of a programming language insignificant in most cases, or are critics entitled to point out problems with language performance?

I hope this question is not too subjective, but it seems to me that there should be a relatively objective answer to this question.

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  Example. I got 4 times speedup from OSBF-Lua by rewriting the lexical analysis of mail headers. When rewriting from Lua to C, I not only switched from interpreted to compilation, but I was able to exclude checking the bounds of the array for each input character.

To answer your question, as indicated, it is not very common that a language problem is itself a problem.