Permutations i and t [i]

Question

Assuming I have an int T array, I am looking for an in-place algorithm that rearranges me and T [i]

I have: [3 2 0 1] (a)

I want: [2 3 1 0] (b)

eg. in (b) T [0] = 2, since in (a) T [2] was 0.

I expected to find a simple O (n) time, O (1) spatial algorithm, but I can not find it. Any ideas?

Note:

• There is one sigle array (a) before (b) after.

• The values ​​in the array belong to [0, N [, are not duplicated.

Answer 1

To get the permutation inverse, you just have to go through the permutation cycles

int i, j, next, prev;
for(int i=0; i<N; i++) {
  if(T[i]>=N) continue;
  j=T[i];
  prev=i;
  while(j < N) {
    next=T[j];
    T[j]=prev+N;
    prev=j;
    j=next;
  }
}
for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
  T[i]-=N;

I use numbers greater than N to note that this is part of a loop that has already been processed.

Answer 2

.

Answer 3

,

Answer 4

. O (n).

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// Array print routine.
void printArray (const char * str_p,int a[], int n)
{
   printf ("%s\n", str_p);
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
   {
      printf ("%i ", i);
   }
   printf ("\n");
   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
   {
      printf ("%i ", a[i]);
   }
   printf ("\n\n");
}

// The main code.
void PermuteTheDamnArray()
{
   printArray ("Initial Array", a,n);

   int i = 0;     // Simply a counter.
   int p_ix = 0;  // Previous Index.
   int p_val = a[0]; // Previous Value.
   int n_ix = a[0];  // Next index.
   int n_val = a[n_ix]; // Next Value.
   for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
   {
      // Replace. 
      printf ("Swapping orig (%i,%i) with (%i,%i)\n", n_ix, n_val,p_val, p_ix);
      a[p_val] = p_ix;

      printArray ("Array after swap", a,n);

      // The next index and value pair becomes the new previous index and value pair.
      p_ix = n_ix;
      p_val = n_val;
      printf ("The previous pair is now: (%i,%i)\n", p_ix, p_val);

      // Get the next index and value pair.
      n_ix = n_val;
      n_val = a[n_val];
      printf ("The next pair is now: (%i,%i)\n", n_ix, n_val);

   }

   printArray ("Final Array", a,n);
}



Output:

Swapping orig (3,1) with (3,0)
Array after swap
0 1 2 3 
3 2 0 0 

The previous pair is now: (3,1)
The next pair is now: (1,2)
Swapping orig (1,2) with (1,3)
Array after swap
0 1 2 3 
3 3 0 0 

The previous pair is now: (1,2)
The next pair is now: (2,0)
Swapping orig (2,0) with (2,1)
Array after swap
0 1 2 3 
3 3 1 0 

The previous pair is now: (2,0)
The next pair is now: (0,3)
Swapping orig (0,3) with (0,2)
Array after swap
0 1 2 3 
2 3 1 0 

The previous pair is now: (0,3)
The next pair is now: (3,0)
Final Array
0 1 2 3 
2 3 1 0