How do you determine where each property and method of a Python class is defined?

Question

Given an instance of some class in Python, it would be useful to determine which line of source code defines each method and property (for example, for implementation 1 ). For example, given the module ab.py

class A(object):
    z = 1
    q = 2
    def y(self): pass
    def x(self): pass

class B(A):
    q = 4
    def x(self): pass
    def w(self): pass

define a function that (class_, attribute) returns a tuple containing the file name, class and string in the source code that is defined or subclassed attribute. This means defining a class in a class, not the last assignment due to the dynamism of overwork. This is normal if it returns "unknown" for some attributes.

>>> a = A()
>>> b = B()
>>> b.spigot = 'brass'
>>> whither(a, 'z')
("ab.py", <class 'a.A'>, [line] 2)
>>> whither(b,  'q')
("ab.py", <class 'a.B'>, 8)
>>> whither(b, 'x')
("ab.py", <class 'a.B'>, 9)
>>> whither(b, 'spigot')
("Attribute 'spigot' is a data attribute")

Plone, , , .

, Python , .

Answer 1

inspect.classify_class_attrs(cls). , ('name', 'kind' e.g. 'method' or 'data', defining class, property). , .

:

>>> import inspect
>>> import pprint
>>> import calendar
>>> 
>>> hc = calendar.HTMLCalendar()
>>> hc.__class__.pathos = None
>>> calendar.Calendar.phobos = None
>>> pprint.pprint(inspect.classify_class_attrs(hc.__class__))
[...
 ('__doc__',
  'data',
  <class 'calendar.HTMLCalendar'>,
  '\n    This calendar returns complete HTML pages.\n    '),
 ...
 ('__new__',
  'data',
  <type 'object'>,
  <built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x814fac0>),
 ...
 ('cssclasses',
  'data',
  <class 'calendar.HTMLCalendar'>,
  ['mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun']),
 ('firstweekday',
  'property',
  <class 'calendar.Calendar'>,
  <property object at 0x98b8c34>),
 ('formatday',
  'method',
  <class 'calendar.HTMLCalendar'>,
  <function formatday at 0x98b7bc4>),
 ...
 ('pathos', 'data', <class 'calendar.HTMLCalendar'>, None),
 ('phobos', 'data', <class 'calendar.Calendar'>, None),
 ...
 ]

Answer 2

, . , , , , , . inspect . :

import ab
a = ab.A()
meth = a.x
# So, now we have the method.
func = meth.im_func
# And the function from the method.
code = func.func_code
# And the code from the function!
print code.co_firstlineno, code.co_filename

# Or:
import inspect
print inspect.getsource(meth), inspect.getfile(meth)

:

def some_method(self):
    pass
ab.A.some_method = some_method
ab.A.some_class_attribute = None

:

some_cls = ab.A
some_string_var = 'another_instance_attribute'
setattr(some_cls, some_string_var, None)

, ?

Answer 3

inspect, inspect.getsourcefile() inspect.getsourcelines().

a.py:

class Hello(object):
    def say(self):
       print 1

>>> from a import Hello
>>> hi = Hello()
>>> inspect.getsourcefile(hi.say)
a.py
>>> inspect.getsourcelines(A, foo)
(['   def say(self):\n        print 1\n'], 2)

Python, ...