What is a good, non-recursive algorithm for computing a Cartesian product?

Question

Note

This is not a REBOL related question. You can answer it in any language.

Background

The REBOL language supports the creation of domain languages ​​known as “dialects” in the REBOL language. I created such a dialect for understanding lists that are not supported in REBOL.

To understand the list, you need a good Cartesian product algorithm.

Problem

I used metaprogramming to solve this problem by dynamically creating and then executing a sequence of nested statements foreach. It works beautifully. However, since it is dynamic, the code is not very readable. REBOL is not very good recursive. He quickly runs out of stack space and crashes. So a recursive solution is out of the question.

In general, I want, if possible, to replace my metaprogramming with a readable, non-recursive, built-in algorithm. The solution can be in any language if I can reproduce it in REBOL. (I can read almost any programming language: C #, C, C ++, Perl, Oz, Haskell, Erlang, whatever.)

, , "", .

Answer 1

- :

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my @list1 = qw(1 2);
my @list2 = qw(3 4);
my @list3 = qw(5 6);

# Calculate the Cartesian Product
my @cp = cart_prod(\@list1, \@list2, \@list3);

# Print the result
foreach my $elem (@cp) {
  print join(' ', @$elem), "\n";
}

sub cart_prod {
  my @sets = @_;
  my @result;
  my $result_elems = 1;

  # Calculate the number of elements needed in the result
  map { $result_elems *= scalar @$_ } @sets;
  return undef if $result_elems == 0;

  # Go through each set and add the appropriate element
  # to each element of the result
  my $scale_factor = $result_elems;
  foreach my $set (@sets)
  {
    my $set_elems = scalar @$set;  # Elements in this set
    $scale_factor /= $set_elems;
    foreach my $i (0 .. $result_elems - 1) {
      # Calculate the set element to place in this position
      # of the result set.
      my $pos = $i / $scale_factor % $set_elems;
      push @{$result[$i]}, $$set[ $pos ];
    }
  }

  return @result;
}

:

1 3 5
1 3 6
1 4 5
1 4 6
2 3 5
2 3 6
2 4 5
2 4 6

Answer 2

3 ( ).

cartesian: func [
 d [block! ] 
 /local len set i res

][
 d: copy d
 len: 1
 res: make block! foreach d d [len: len * length? d]
 len: length? d
 until [
  set: clear []
  loop i: len [insert set d/:i/1   i: i - 1]
  res: change/only res copy set
  loop i: len [
   unless tail? d/:i: next d/:i [break]
   if i = 1 [break]
   d/:i: head d/:i
   i: i - 1
  ]
  tail? d/1
 ]
 head res
]

Answer 3

, REBOL:

REBOL []

cartesian: func [
    {Given a block of sets, returns the Cartesian product of said sets.}
    sets [block!] {A block containing one or more series! values}
    /local
        elems
        result
        row
][
    result: copy []

    elems: 1
    foreach set sets [
        elems: elems * (length? set)
    ]

    for n 0 (elems - 1) 1 [
        row: copy []
        skip: elems
        foreach set sets [
            skip: skip / length? set
            index: (mod to-integer (n / skip) length? set) + 1 ; REBOL is 1-based, not 0-based
            append row set/(index)
        ]
        append/only result row
    ]

    result
]

foreach set cartesian [[1 2] [3 4] [5 6]] [
    print set
]

; This returns the same thing Robert Gamble solution did:

1 3 5
1 3 6
1 4 5
1 4 6
2 3 5
2 3 6
2 4 5
2 4 6

Answer 4

use strict;

print "@$_\n" for getCartesian(
  [qw(1 2)],
  [qw(3 4)],
  [qw(5 6)],
);

sub getCartesian {
#
  my @input = @_;
  my @ret = map [$_], @{ shift @input };

  for my $a2 (@input) {
    @ret = map {
      my $v = $_;
      map [@$v, $_], @$a2;
    }
    @ret;
  }
  return @ret;
}

1 3 5
1 3 6
1 4 5
1 4 6
2 3 5
2 3 6
2 4 5
2 4 6

Answer 5

Java .

"ls" 4 (ls1, ls2, ls3 ls4), , "ls" .

import java.util.*;

public class CartesianProduct {

    private List <List <String>> ls = new ArrayList <List <String>> ();
    private List <String> ls1 = new ArrayList <String> ();
    private List <String> ls2 = new ArrayList <String> ();
    private List <String> ls3 = new ArrayList <String> ();
    private List <String> ls4 = new ArrayList <String> ();

    public List <String> generateCartesianProduct () {
        List <String> set1 = null;
        List <String> set2 = null;

        ls1.add ("a");
        ls1.add ("b");
        ls1.add ("c");

        ls2.add ("a2");
        ls2.add ("b2");
        ls2.add ("c2");

        ls3.add ("a3");
        ls3.add ("b3");
        ls3.add ("c3");
        ls3.add ("d3");

        ls4.add ("a4");
        ls4.add ("b4");

        ls.add (ls1);
        ls.add (ls2);
        ls.add (ls3);
        ls.add (ls4);

        boolean subsetAvailabe = true;
        int setCount = 0;

        try{    
            set1 = augmentSet (ls.get (setCount++), ls.get (setCount));
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
            if (set1 == null) {
                set1 = ls.get(0);
            }
            return set1;
        }

        do {
            try {
                setCount++;      
                set1 = augmentSet(set1,ls.get(setCount));
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                subsetAvailabe = false;
            }
        } while (subsetAvailabe);
        return set1;
    }

    public List <String> augmentSet (List <String> set1, List <String> set2) {

        List <String> augmentedSet = new ArrayList <String> (set1.size () * set2.size ());
        for (String elem1 : set1) {
            for(String elem2 : set2) {
                augmentedSet.add (elem1 + "," + elem2);
            }
        }
        set1 = null; set2 = null;
        return augmentedSet;
    }

    public static void main (String [] arg) {
        CartesianProduct cp = new CartesianProduct ();
        List<String> cartesionProduct = cp.generateCartesianProduct ();
        for (String val : cartesionProduct) {
            System.out.println (val);
        }
    }
}

Answer 6

EDIT: . - .

:

( , REBOL, .)

REBOL []

sets: [[1 2 3] [4 5] [6]] ; Here a set of sets
elems: 1
result: copy []
foreach set sets [elems: elems * (length? set)]
for n 1 elems 1 [
    row: copy []
    foreach set sets [
        index: 1 + (mod (n - 1) length? set)
        append row set/(index)
    ]
    append/only result row
]

foreach row result [
    print result
]

:

1 4 6
2 5 6
3 4 6
1 5 6
2 4 6
3 5 6

(When you first read the numbers above, you might think that there are duplicates. I did this, but they are not.)

Interestingly, this code uses almost the same algorithm (1 + ((n - 1)% 9) that torpedoed my Digital Root question .