By default, Perl treats strings as byte sequences, so if you read from a file and print it to STDOUT, it will call a sequence of bytes. If your patterns are Latin-1, your output will also be Latin-1.
If you use a string in the context of a text string (e.g., c uc, lcetc.), perl assumes Latin-1 semantics, unless the string has been decrypted before.
Perl,