I have not tried, but I think after cloning you should do:
$ cd <CLONE>
$ git config core.sparseCheckout true
$ echo /dir/file >.git/info/sparse-checkout
$ git reset --hard
blob (s). , .
, , , blobs - . , , , , .
PS: --filter=sparse:path=<path>, , , , , , , , , .
PS2: , . , . . . , , , blobs , .