Using man syslog, man asl(ASL = Apple syslog) and man aslmanager, you will see that there is a configuration file /etc/asl.conf, and the default version contains the lines:
? [<= Level notice] store
These messages in DEBUG and INFO are therefore not saved by the ASL, which in turn means that after the fact they cannot be printed syslog. The program syslogapparently reads the saved data from the ASL binaries, not from a text file /var/log/messages.log.
/etc/asl.conf, INFO DEBUG. ASL (syslogd, aslmanager) , , , ( , DEBUG INFO , ).