`.loc` and`.iloc` with MultiIndex'd DataFrame

Question

When indexing a multi-channel DataFrame, it looks like it .ilocassumes that you are referring to the "internal level" of the index, but .loclooking at the external level.

For instance:

np.random.seed(123)
iterables = [['bar', 'baz', 'foo', 'qux'], ['one', 'two']]
idx = pd.MultiIndex.from_product(iterables, names=['first', 'second'])
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(8, 4), index=idx)

# .loc looks at the outer index:

print(df.loc['qux'])
# df.loc['two'] would throw KeyError
              0        1        2        3
second                                    
one    -1.25388 -0.63775  0.90711 -1.42868
two    -0.14007 -0.86175 -0.25562 -2.79859

# while .iloc looks at the inner index:

print(df.iloc[-1])
0   -0.14007
1   -0.86175
2   -0.25562
3   -2.79859
Name: (qux, two), dtype: float64

Two questions:

First, why is this? Is this a deliberate design decision?

Secondly, can I use .ilocto refer to the external level of the index to get the result below? I know that at first I can find the last element of the index c get_level_values, and then .loc-index with this, but wandering if it can be done more directly, either with funk syntax .ilocor with some existing function designed specifically for the case.

# df.iloc[-1]
qux   one     0.89071  1.75489  1.49564  1.06939
      two    -0.77271  0.79486  0.31427 -1.32627

Answer 1

, :

.iloc - , , .... .loc . [ ]

, , , .iloc. , ,

print(df.loc[[df.index.get_level_values(0)[-1]]])
                    0        1        2        3
first second                                    
qux   one    -1.25388 -0.63775  0.90711 -1.42868
      two    -0.14007 -0.86175 -0.25562 -2.79859

.

Answer 2

:

df.iloc[[6, 7], :]
Out[1]:
                     0         1         2         3
first second
qux   one    -1.253881 -0.637752  0.907105 -1.428681
      two    -0.140069 -0.861755 -0.255619 -2.798589

[6, 7] , :

df.reset_index()
Out[]:
  first second         0         1         2         3
0   bar    one -1.085631  0.997345  0.282978 -1.506295
1   bar    two -0.578600  1.651437 -2.426679 -0.428913
2   baz    one  1.265936 -0.866740 -0.678886 -0.094709
3   baz    two  1.491390 -0.638902 -0.443982 -0.434351
4   foo    one  2.205930  2.186786  1.004054  0.386186
5   foo    two  0.737369  1.490732 -0.935834  1.175829
6   qux    one -1.253881 -0.637752  0.907105 -1.428681
7   qux    two -0.140069 -0.861755 -0.255619 -2.798589

df.iloc[[-2, -1], :] df.iloc[range(-2, 0), :].

---

EDIT:

:

def multindex_iloc(df, index):
    label = df.index.levels[0][index]
    return df.iloc[df.index.get_loc(label)]

multiindex_loc(df, -1)
Out[]:
                     0         1         2         3
first second
qux   one    -1.253881 -0.637752  0.907105 -1.428681
      two    -0.140069 -0.861755 -0.255619 -2.798589


multiindex_loc(df, 2)
Out[]:
                     0         1         2         3
first second
foo   one     2.205930  2.186786  1.004054  0.386186
      two     0.737369  1.490732 -0.935834  1.175829

Answer 3

swaplevel, loc.

df.swaplevel(0,-1).loc['two']

:

>>> df
                     0         1         2         3
first second                                        
bar   one    -1.085631  0.997345  0.282978 -1.506295
      two    -0.578600  1.651437 -2.426679 -0.428913
baz   one     1.265936 -0.866740 -0.678886 -0.094709
      two     1.491390 -0.638902 -0.443982 -0.434351
foo   one     2.205930  2.186786  1.004054  0.386186
      two     0.737369  1.490732 -0.935834  1.175829
qux   one    -1.253881 -0.637752  0.907105 -1.428681
      two    -0.140069 -0.861755 -0.255619 -2.798589

>>> df.loc['bar']
               0         1         2         3
second                                        
one    -1.085631  0.997345  0.282978 -1.506295
two    -0.578600  1.651437 -2.426679 -0.428913

>>> df.swaplevel().loc['two']
              0         1         2         3
first                                        
bar   -0.578600  1.651437 -2.426679 -0.428913
baz    1.491390 -0.638902 -0.443982 -0.434351
foo    0.737369  1.490732 -0.935834  1.175829
qux   -0.140069 -0.861755 -0.255619 -2.798589

swaplevel - MultiIndex, DataFrame. , , , , .

df.swaplevel(0,-1).loc['two']