Throwing an answer here from some systems with which I had professional experience:
. / , , .
ASP.NET
MS, MVC, . , , , , , , / , , . , , . factory , . , , , , ( ). auth, . , , AD .
Windows Auth.
Windows , , - Active Directory . , , (weeeeee!), . , , , , . , , , . , , AD , .
/Windows
auth, auth- AD . , , , , . - auth, URL- . - , Active Directory, , cookie , MVC . MVC AD- ( N- ), , AD , . , , , AD, , , ( , .) , - , , , . , , , , . - - . DMZ AD. , , AD, reset, ..
, facebook, twitter, google - OAuth.
, , , , , - .
, "", .