In MVC 5, it ControllerBaseacts only as a simple base class for most of its internal use and internally implements IController.Execute(RequestContext requestContext), and here is a list of the customs that I received from Resharper

It then Controllerimplements all the functions for binding filters, models, and views. Therefore, in order to realize yours MyController, you need to get fromController
Your SO link has already explained the purpose of ControllerBaseand Controller.
Thing looks a lot more interesting in MVC 6 (later called ASP.NET MVC Core) when the ASP.NET team converted MVC, WebAPI into one framework
Controller ControllerBase GitHub. <summary> :
Controler.cs
MVC- .
ControllerBase.cs
MVC- .
, ControllerBase. , ASP.NET MVC WebAPI View, MyController ControllerBase. Controller, View JSON WebAPI. Controller.cs View .