`Atexit` call when dynamically connecting to libc on Linux

If I have the following program written in C (compiled from GCC on Debian 8.7), I can call atexit(), as you would expect:

#include <stdlib.h>

void exit_handler(void) {
    return;
}

int main () {
    atexit(exit_handler);
    return 0;
}

And when I compile and run it:

$ gcc test.c
$ ./a.out

Gives nothing, as expected. In fact, when I run ldd, I get:

$ ldd a.out
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fffbe592000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fe07d3a8000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fe07d753000)

However, libcit has no characters for atexit, amd has only __cxa_atexitand __cxa_threaded_atexit_impl:

$ nm --dynamic /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 | grep 'atexit'
0000000000037d90 T __cxa_atexit
0000000000037fa0 T __cxa_thread_atexit_impl

As expected, if I try to reference libcdynamically, I cannot actually call atexit(), for example, in the following Racket program, which refers to libcand tries to find atexit:

#lang racket

(require ffi/unsafe)

(get-ffi-obj 'atexit (ffi-lib "libc" '("6")) (_fun (_fun -> _void) -> _int))

Providing output:

$ racket findatexit.rkt
ffi-obj: couldn't get "atexit" from "libc.so.6" (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: undefined symbol: atexit)

What I want to know here:

  • libc atexit Linux, C?
  • , atexit Linux?

( , atexit, -, OS X, Linux .)

Edit:

@Jonathan :

$ gcc -c test.c
$ nm test.o
                 U atexit
0000000000000000 T exit_handler
0000000000000007 T main

, atexit -, , ldd.

+4
1

Centos 7, , , !

!

/usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a:

$ nm /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a | grep -i atexit
atexit.oS:
0000000000000000 T atexit
                 U __cxa_atexit
$

? - . ? ...

,

  • test.c .
  • gcc -v test.c:

    $ gcc -v test.c
    Using built-in specs.
    COLLECT_GCC=gcc
    COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
    Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
    Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
    Thread model: posix
    gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) 
    COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
     /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/cc1 -quiet -v test.c -quiet -dumpbase test.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase test -version -o /tmp/ccPHTer7.s
    GNU C (GCC) version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
        compiled by GNU C version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11), GMP version 6.0.0, MPFR version 3.1.1, MPC version 1.0.1
    GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=96 --param ggc-min-heapsize=124992
    ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include-fixed"
    ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"
    #include "..." search starts here:
    #include <...> search starts here:
     /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include
     /usr/local/include
     /usr/include
    End of search list.
    GNU C (GCC) version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (x86_64-redhat-linux)
        compiled by GNU C version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11), GMP version 6.0.0, MPFR version 3.1.1, MPC version 1.0.1
    GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=96 --param ggc-min-heapsize=124992
    Compiler executable checksum: 356f86e67978d665416e07d560c8ba0d
    COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
     as -v --64 -o /tmp/cc5WHEA4.o /tmp/ccPHTer7.s
    GNU assembler version 2.25.1 (x86_64-redhat-linux) using BFD version version 2.25.1-22.base.el7 
    COMPILER_PATH=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/
    LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
    COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
     /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/collect2 --build-id --no-add-needed --eh-frame-hdr --hash-style=gnu -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../.. /tmp/cc5WHEA4.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crtn.o
    $
    
  • collect2 . , :

    /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/collect2
    --build-id
    --no-add-needed
    --eh-frame-hdr
    --hash-style=gnu
    -m
    elf_x86_64
    -dynamic-linker
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crt1.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crti.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtbegin.o
    -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5
    -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64
    -L/lib/../lib64
    -L/usr/lib/../lib64
    -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../..
    /tmp/cc5WHEA4.o
    -lgcc
    --as-needed
    -lgcc_s
    --no-as-needed
    -lc
    -lgcc
    --as-needed
    -lgcc_s
    --no-as-needed
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtend.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/crtn.o
    
  • , cr*.o, : -lc, -lgcc -lgcc_s : -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5, -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64, -L/lib/../lib64, -L/usr/lib/../lib64, -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../... /tmp/cc5WHEA4.o - , test.c.

  • , ls, , :

    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    /usr/lib64/crt1.o
    /usr/lib64/crti.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtbegin.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/crtend.o
    /usr/lib64/crtn.o
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/libgcc.a
    /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/libgcc_s.so
    /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1
    /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1
    /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1
    /usr/lib64/libc.so
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6
    /lib64/libc.so
    /lib64/libc.so.6
    /usr/lib64/libc.so
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6
    
  • yy ( ), :

    $ nm -o $(<yy) | tee nm.log | grep -i atexit
    nm: _trampoline.o: no symbols
    nm: __main.o: no symbols
    nm: _ctors.o: no symbols
    nm: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/libgcc_s.so: no symbols
    nm: /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1: no symbols
    nm: /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1: no symbols
    nm: /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1: no symbols
    nm: /usr/lib64/libc.so: File format not recognized
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003bcc00 b added_atexit_handler.9157
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c90 T __cxa_atexit
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c90 t __cxa_atexit_internal
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6838 d __elf_set___libc_atexit_element__IO_cleanup__
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c40 t __internal_atexit
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6838 d __start___libc_atexit
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6840 d __stop___libc_atexit
    nm: /lib64/libc.so: File format not recognized
    /lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003bcc00 b added_atexit_handler.9157
    /lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c90 T __cxa_atexit
    /lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c90 t __cxa_atexit_internal
    /lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6838 d __elf_set___libc_atexit_element__IO_cleanup__
    /lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c40 t __internal_atexit
    nm: /usr/lib64/libc.so: File format not recognized
    /lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6838 d __start___libc_atexit
    /lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6840 d __stop___libc_atexit
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003bcc00 b added_atexit_handler.9157
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c90 T __cxa_atexit
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c90 t __cxa_atexit_internal
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6838 d __elf_set___libc_atexit_element__IO_cleanup__
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:0000000000038c40 t __internal_atexit
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6838 d __start___libc_atexit
    /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:00000000003b6840 d __stop___libc_atexit
    $
    
  • atexit. " "?

    $ file /usr/lib64/libc.so
    /usr/lib64/libc.so: ASCII text
    $
    
  • ASCII-? ?

    $ cat /usr/lib64/libc.so
    /* GNU ld script
       Use the shared library, but some functions are only in
       the static library, so try that secondarily.  */
    OUTPUT_FORMAT(elf64-x86-64)
    GROUP ( /lib64/libc.so.6 /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a  AS_NEEDED ( /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 ) )
    $
    
  • OK; /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a?

    $  nm /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a | grep -i atexit
    atexit.oS:
    0000000000000000 T atexit
                     U __cxa_atexit
    $
    

    ! !

, , collect2, GCC, , , /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a, atexit(). , atexit(), ... - , .

+7

Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/1676570/


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