At a wide level, which of the following occurs during a linux system call.
This is primarily 1, but a little 2.
From the point of view of the usermode application, system calls occur synchronously. Often, however, the system call does not have what it needs to return, so it makes the process sleep. This does not always happen; some simple system calls actually end up synchronously. Some, however, need to wait for the completion of the lengthy I / O task.
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