In your comment, you use an almost correct path, but to get your values, you do not need the php function, since you will only get the first specified value for this attribute. array_shift()
Instead, you can use the foreach loop to get each value:
foreach( wc_get_product_terms( $product->id, 'pa_size' ) as $attribute_value ){
echo $attribute_value . '<br>';
}
imode() php , , :
echo implode(', ', wc_get_product_terms( $product_id, 'pa_size' ));
...