. , , . , , , .
, OP , :
V1 <- c("Long label", "Longer label", "An even longer label",
"A very, very long label", "An extremely long label",
"Long, longer, longest label of all possible labels",
"Another label", "Short", "Not so short label")
df <- data.frame(V1, V2 = nchar(V1))
yaxis_label <- "A rather long axis label of character counts"
x , :
library(ggplot2) # version 2.2.0+
p <- ggplot(df, aes(V1, V2)) + geom_col() + xlab(NULL) +
ylab(yaxis_label)
p
, geom_col() geom_bar(stat="identity").

OP:
X 90 ° , :
p + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

( y) , , ( , ):
p + coord_flip()

,
, , . , width stringr::str_wrap.
q <- p + aes(stringr::str_wrap(V1, 15), V2) + xlab(NULL) +
ylab(yaxis_label)
q

: , ,
. , width stringr::str_wrap , .
q + coord_flip()

: scale_x_discrete()
, ggplot2 . .
p + scale_x_discrete(labels = abbreviate)
