You can always use man, for example: ((default note next to gnu++14)
man g++
...
-std=
Determine the language standard. This option is currently only supported when compiling C or C++.
The compiler can accept several base standards, such as c90 or c++98, and GNU dialects of those standards, such as gnu90 or gnu++98. When a base standard is specified, the compiler accepts all programs following that standard plus those using GNU
extensions that do not contradict it. For example, -std=c90 turns off certain features of GCC that are incompatible with ISO C90, such as the "asm" and "typeof" keywords, but not other GNU extensions that do not have a meaning in ISO C90, such as
omitting the middle term of a "?:" expression. On the other hand, when a GNU dialect of a standard is specified, all features supported by the compiler are enabled, even when those features change the meaning of the base standard. As a result, some
strict-conforming programs may be rejected. The particular standard is used by -Wpedantic to identify which features are GNU extensions given that version of the standard. For example -std=gnu90 -Wpedantic warns about C++ style // comments, while
-std=gnu99 -Wpedantic does not.
A value for this option must be provided; possible values are
...
c++14
c++1y
The 2014 ISO C++ standard plus amendments. The name c++1y is deprecated.
gnu++14
gnu++1y
GNU dialect of -std=c++14. This is the default for C++ code. The name gnu++1y is deprecated.
If you want to get it on the command line (without a pager), you can specify a pager for manusing -P:
$ man -P cat g++ | grep "^[[:space:]]*\-std=[^s]" -A100 | grep -B2 "default.*C++"
gnu++14
gnu++1y
GNU dialect of -std=c++14. This is the default for C++ code. The name gnu++1y is deprecated.