In 2016, this cannot be achieved only through Javascript
You can still use the approach on Android, but Apple has made changes to iOS 9.2, which means that on iOS devices it's almost useless.
How it worked on iOS
The way this was done in the past was an attempt to open the application in Javascript by setting window.location to the custom URI path you wanted.
window.location = "imdb://title/tt3569230";
Application not installed
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window.location = 'imdb://title/tt3569230';
setTimeout(function() {
window.location = 'itms-apps://itunes.apple.com/us/app/imdb-movies-tv/id342792525'
}, 250);
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