As @nwinkler already mentioned, you use docker ps -ato list all your containers, even stopped ones.
Now you can also use the Format in combination with docker ps -aas a convenient way to print only part of the information relevant to you.
, :
$ docker ps -a --format "{{.ID}}: {{.Name}}"
caee09882462: peaceful_saha
:
$ docker ps -a --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}"
CONTAINER ID NAMES
caee09882462 peaceful_saha
:
$ docker ps -a --format "{{.Names}}"
peaceful_saha