SQL Server: search for records with the closest date to CurrentDate based on conditions

Question

I am using SQL Server 2012, and I am trying to create a VIEW that will return records based on these conditions:

• The request should receive the most suitable record depending on the date
• For dates in the internal date range, the closest entry in CurrentDate will be returned
• For dates outside the internal date range, the closest entry in CurrentDate will be returned.

Examples of tables in the database:

Person :

pId     | Name
----------------------
01      | Person 1
02      | Person 2
----------------------

PersonDate :

dId     |  pId      | StartDate     | EndDate
---------------------------------------------------
A1      |   01      |   2014-01-08  |   2018-01-08  
A2      |   01      |   2016-11-23  |   2016-12-01  
A3      |   01      |   2016-12-03  |   2016-12-08
A4      |   02      |   2016-10-10  |   2016-12-31
A5      |   02      |   2016-12-01  |   2016-12-05

If I run this query, and CurrentDate- 2016-11-28:

select p.name, d.startdate, d.enddate
from Person p, PersonDate d
where p.pId = d.pId
and d.StartDate = (select max(sl.StartDate)
                   from PersonDate sl
                   where d.pId = s1.pId)

Return records:

name        | startdate     | enddate
-------------------------------------------
Person 1    |   2016-12-03  |   2016-12-08      --> PersonDate Table row A3
Person 2    |   2016-12-01  |   2016-12-05      --> PersonDate Table row A5
-------------------------------------------

, . , , Max() , , /.

, (CurrentDate - 2016-11-28):

name        | startdate     | enddate
-------------------------------------------
Person 1    |   2016-11-23  |   2016-12-01
Person 2    |   2016-10-10  |   2016-12-31
-------------------------------------------

• PersonDate A2, CurrentDate ( # 2)

• PersonDate A4, (A5) ( № 3)

CurrentDate - 2016-12-02:

name        | startdate     | enddate
---------------------------------------------
Person 1    |   2014-01-08  |   2018-01-08  
Person 2    |   2016-12-01  |   2016-12-05
---------------------------------------------

• PersonDate A1, CurrentDate A2 A3
• PersonDate A5, CurrentDate

VIEW, ?

Answer 1

create table #temp(did varchar(10),pid int,startdate datetime,enddate datetime)

insert into #temp values('A1',01,'2014-01-08','2018-01-08')
insert into #temp values('A2',01,  '2016-11-23'  ,   '2016-12-01'   )
insert into #temp values('A3',01, '2016-12-03'  ,   '2016-12-08'  )
insert into #temp values('A4',02,  '2016-10-10'  ,   '2016-12-31'  )
insert into #temp values('A5',02, '2016-12-01'  ,   '2016-12-05'  )


select b.pid,b.startdate,b.enddate
from
(
select ROW_NUMBER()over(partition by pid order by id desc) as SID , a.*
from
(
select 
ROW_NUMBER()over(partition by pid order by startdate,enddate desc) as ID
, * from #temp 
--to identify whether it is inner or outer
--1 means outer
--2 means inner
)a
where '2016-12-02' between startdate and enddate
--to find date lies in outer or inner range and select the required
)b
where b.SID=1