Second derivative in Python - scipy / numpy / pandas

Question

I am trying to take a second derivative in python with two arrays of numpy data.

For example, the arrays in question are as follows:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([ 120. ,  121.5,  122. ,  122.5,  123. ,  123.5,  124. ,  124.5,
        125. ,  125.5,  126. ,  126.5,  127. ,  127.5,  128. ,  128.5,
        129. ,  129.5,  130. ,  130.5,  131. ,  131.5,  132. ,  132.5,
        133. ,  133.5,  134. ,  134.5,  135. ,  135.5,  136. ,  136.5,
        137. ,  137.5,  138. ,  138.5,  139. ,  139.5,  140. ,  140.5,
        141. ,  141.5,  142. ,  142.5,  143. ,  143.5,  144. ,  144.5,
        145. ,  145.5,  146. ,  146.5,  147. ])

y = np.array([  1.25750000e+01,   1.10750000e+01,   1.05750000e+01,
         1.00750000e+01,   9.57500000e+00,   9.07500000e+00,
         8.57500000e+00,   8.07500000e+00,   7.57500000e+00,
         7.07500000e+00,   6.57500000e+00,   6.07500000e+00,
         5.57500000e+00,   5.07500000e+00,   4.57500000e+00,
         4.07500000e+00,   3.57500000e+00,   3.07500000e+00,
         2.60500000e+00,   2.14500000e+00,   1.71000000e+00,
         1.30500000e+00,   9.55000000e-01,   6.65000000e-01,
         4.35000000e-01,   2.70000000e-01,   1.55000000e-01,
         9.00000000e-02,   5.00000000e-02,   2.50000000e-02,
         1.50000000e-02,   1.00000000e-02,   1.00000000e-02,
         1.00000000e-02,   1.00000000e-02,   1.00000000e-02,
         1.00000000e-02,   1.00000000e-02,   5.00000000e-03,
         5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03,
         5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03,
         5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03,
         5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03,
         5.00000000e-03,   5.00000000e-03])

Currently I have f(x) = yand I want d^2 y / dx^2.

In digital form, I know that I can either interpolate the function, or analyze the derivative, or use finite differences of a higher order . I think there is enough data to use if one or the other is considered faster, more accurate, etc.

I looked at np.interp()it scipy.interpolatewithout success, as this returns me an inline (linear or cubic) spline, but I don’t know how to get the derivative at this point.

Any guidance is greatly appreciated.

Answer 1

scipy 1-D Splines. derivative .

UnivariateSpline

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import UnivariateSpline

y_spl = UnivariateSpline(x,y,s=0,k=4)

plt.semilogy(x,y,'ro',label = 'data')
x_range = np.linspace(x[0],x[-1],1000)
plt.semilogy(x_range,y_spl(x_range))

, . , UnivariateSpline.

y_spl_2d = y_spl.derivative(n=2)

plt.plot(x_range,y_spl_2d(x_range))

( , ). , (, , ), (, sicpy curve_fit)

Answer 2

y x :

dy=np.diff(y,1)
dx=np.diff(x,1)
yfirst=dy/dx

x:

xfirst=0.5*(x[:-1]+x[1:])

:

dyfirst=np.diff(yfirst,1)
dxfirst=np.diff(xfirst,1)
ysecond=dyfirst/dxfirst

xsecond=0.5*(xfirst[:-1]+xfirst[1:])