RocksDB is used for several (internal) reasons (as you mentioned, for example, its performance). Conceptually, Kafka Streams does not need RocksDB - it is used as an internal key-value cache, and any other store offering similar functionality will also work.
Comment from @miguno below (rephrased):
RocksDB . , Kafka Streams , .
@miguno :
: "RocksDB is not written in JVN compatible language, so it needs careful handling of the deployment, as it needs extra shared library (OS dependent)." Kafka Streams .
Kafka Streams DSL, 0.10.2 (KAFKA-3825) .
Kafka Streams Processor API, StateStore .