I'm not sure if this is a solution, but it is one step closer to the goal.
const root = mount(<RootComponent />, {
context: {muiTheme},
childContextTypes: {muiTheme: React.PropTypes.object}
})
const child = root.find(ChildComponent)
Notice I use mountinstead shallow. The problem is that I can no longer use child.find({prop: 'value'})- return 0 elements ...