I did not find the RDS documentation about this, but apparently the Postgres tablespaces work fine on RDS. You do not have direct access to the main EBS volume that uses RDS, but if you try to run the CREATE TABLESPACE command with some arbitrary directory:
CREATE TABLESPACE testspace LOCATION '/foo/bar/baz';
You can see that the table space is created this way:
mydb=> \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
------------+------------+-------------------------------------------
pg_default | rdsadmin |
pg_global | rdsadmin |
testspace | db_user | /rdsdbdata/db/base/tablespace/foo/bar/baz
(3 rows)
:
mydb=> CREATE TABLE test (a int) TABLESPACE testspace ;
CREATE TABLE