You can use pd.Series.extract:
In [28]: for c in df:
df[c] = df[c].str.extract('(\d+\.?\d*)', expand=False)
....:
In [29]: df
Out[29]:
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5
0 5 1.047 55.3 44.2 8.2
Please note that this is a bit fragile, as Column4it works because the date appeared after the quantity. However, your question does not indicate anything more accurate.
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