It is important to understand that these are not two concepts of file / module links. There are actually two completely different things.
import
ES2015 , , , JavaScript. /, API/ .
import - concat <link> HTML, jQuery. import * as $ from 'jQuery', JavaScript/TypeScript "" . , , Loader.
TypeScript, TypeScript , //... .
/// <reference>
<reference> .d.ts. TypeScript . .
, import <reference> , import "" . <reference> . /IDE , , TypeScript API , . () , .