There is something like cata, but where can you map the internal structure?

Question

I have this AST language

data ExprF r = Const Int
              | Var   String
              | Lambda String r
              | EList [r]
              | Apply r r
 deriving ( Show, Eq, Ord, Functor, Foldable )

And I want to convert it to a string

toString = cata $ \case
  Const x -> show x
  Var x -> x
  EList x -> unwords x
  Lambda x y -> unwords [x, "=>", y]
  Apply x y -> unwords [x, "(", y, ")"]

But when lambda is used in Apply, I need brackets

(x => x)(1)

but I cannot map the internal structure to cata p>

toString :: Fix ExprF -> String
toString = cata $ \case
  Const x -> show x
  Var x -> x
  Lambda x y -> unwords [x, "=>", y]
  Apply (Lambda{}) y -> unwords ["(", x, ")", "(", y, ")"]
  Apply x y -> unwords [x, "(", y, ")"]

Is there a better solution than para?

toString2 :: Fix ExprF -> String
toString2 = para $ \case
  Const x -> show x
  Var x -> x
  Lambda x (_,y) -> unwords [x, "=>", y]
  EList x -> unwords (snd <$> x)
  Apply ((Fix Lambda {}),x) (_,y) -> unwords ["(", x, ")", "(", y, ")"]
  Apply (_,x) (_,y) -> unwords [x, "(", y, ")"]

It looks more ugly. Even this is necessary only in one place, I need to delete all the parameters of the tuple everywhere, and I think it will be slower.

Answer 1

@chi, @DanielWagner , --parenterseation - showsPrec.

- String, Bool -> String. : Bool, , .

parens x = "(" ++ x ++ ")"

ppAlg :: ExprF (Bool -> String) -> (Bool -> String)
ppAlg (Const x) isBeingApplied = show x
ppAlg (Var x) isBeingApplied = x
ppAlg (Lambda name body) isBeingApplied = p ("\\" ++ name ++ " -> " ++ body False)
    where p = if isBeingApplied then parens else id
ppAlg (EList es) isBeingApplied = unwords (sequenceA es False)
ppAlg (Apply fun arg) isBeingApplied = fun True ++ " " ++ arg False

isBeingApplied , . , , True, fun Apply. Lambda . - , ; , .

, Bool -> String, False - - String out.

pp :: Expr -> String
pp ex = cata ppAlg ex False

ghci> pp $ app (lam "x" (var "x")) (cnst 2)
"(\\x -> x) 2"

Bool Int, , @DanielWagner .

Answer 2

{-# LANGUAGE PatternSynonyms #-} , :

pattern Apply' r1 r2 <- Apply (_,r1) (_,r2)

:

toString2 :: Fix ExprF -> String
toString2 = para $ \case
  Const x -> show x
  Var x -> x
  Lambda x (_,y) -> unwords [x, "=>", y]
  EList x -> unwords (snd <$> x)
  Apply ((Fix Lambda {}),x) (_,y) -> unwords ["(", x, ")", "(", y, ")"]
  Apply' x y -> unwords [x, "(", y, ")"]

ExprF - Functor, :

toString2' :: Fix ExprF -> String
toString2' = para $ \case
  Apply ((Fix Lambda {}),x) (_,y) -> unwords ["(", x, ")", "(", y, ")"]
  other -> case fmap snd other of
      Const x -> show x
      Var x -> x
      Lambda x y -> unwords [x, "=>", y]
      Apply x y -> unwords [x, "(", y, ")"]

-Wall , .

Answer 3

How about direct recursion for an absent case:

toString :: Fix ExprF -> String
toString (Fix (Apply (Fix (Lambda _ x)) y)) = "(" ++ toString x ++ ")(" ++ toString y ++ ")"
toString z = (cata $ \case
  Const x -> show x
  Var x -> x
  EList x -> unwords x
  Lambda x y -> unwords [x, "=>", y]
  Apply x y -> unwords [x, "(", y, ")"]) z