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How to display 3D graphics correctly

I tried to make rubiks cube in javafx, and ended up with a very bad model, as indicated in this image . I give my source code for this, where I used a class RectangleBuilderto create rectangles and convert to 3d. To fix the graphics, I also tried to build the rectangles used in the class TriangleMesh, and after adding materials to them, I converted them to 3d to be in the same bad graphics again. Why is this happening and how to get rid of it?

import javafx.scene.transform.Rotate;
import javafx.scene.PerspectiveCamera;
import javafx.scene.transform.Translate;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.animation.Animation;
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
import javafx.animation.KeyValue;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.SceneAntialiasing;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.RectangleBuilder;
import javafx.scene.transform.Rotate;
import javafx.util.Duration;


    public class NewFXMain1 extends Application {


    public class Cube extends Group {
    final Rotate rx = new Rotate(0,Rotate.X_AXIS);
    final Rotate ry = new Rotate(0,Rotate.Y_AXIS);
    final Rotate rz = new Rotate(0,Rotate.Z_AXIS);
    public Cube(double size, Color back,Color bottom,Color right,Color left,Color top,Color front, double shade) {
        getTransforms().addAll(rz, ry, rx);
        getChildren().addAll(
            RectangleBuilder.create() // back face
                .width(size).height(size)
                .fill(back.deriveColor(0.0, 1.0, (1 - 0.5*shade), 1.0))
                .translateX(-0.5*size)
                .translateY(-0.5*size)
                .translateZ(0.5*size)
                    .smooth(true)
                    .stroke(Color.BLACK)
                .build(),
            RectangleBuilder.create() // bottom face
                .width(size).height(size)
                .fill(bottom.deriveColor(0.0, 1.0, (1 - 0.4*shade), 1.0))
                .translateX(-0.5*size)
                .translateY(0)
                .rotationAxis(Rotate.X_AXIS)
                .rotate(90)
                    .smooth(true)
                    .stroke(Color.BLACK)
                .build(),
            RectangleBuilder.create() // right face
                .width(size).height(size)
                .fill(right.deriveColor(0.0, 1.0, (1 - 0.3*shade), 1.0))
                .translateX(-1*size)
                .translateY(-0.5*size)
                .rotationAxis(Rotate.Y_AXIS)
                .rotate(90)
                    .smooth(true)
                    .stroke(Color.BLACK)
                .build(),
            RectangleBuilder.create() // left face
                .width(size).height(size)
                .fill(left.deriveColor(0.0, 1.0, (1 - 0.2*shade), 1.0))
                .translateX(0)
                .translateY(-0.5*size)
                .rotationAxis(Rotate.Y_AXIS)
                .rotate(90)
                    .smooth(true)
                    .stroke(Color.BLACK)
                .build(),
            RectangleBuilder.create() // top face
                .width(size).height(size)
                .fill(top.deriveColor(0.0, 1.0, (1 - 0.1*shade), 1.0))
                .translateX(-0.5*size)
                .translateY(-1*size)
                .rotationAxis(Rotate.X_AXIS)
                .rotate(90)
                    .smooth(true)
                    .stroke(Color.BLACK)
                .build(),
            RectangleBuilder.create() // front face
                .width(size).height(size)
                .fill(front)
                .translateX(-0.5*size)
                .translateY(-0.5*size)
                .translateZ(-0.5*size)
                    .smooth(true)
                    .stroke(Color.BLACK)
                .build()
        );
    }
    }



    PerspectiveCamera camera = new PerspectiveCamera(true);
    @Override public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {

    Group root = new Group();
    Scene scene=new Scene(root,600,600,true);

    camera.setNearClip(0.00001);
    camera.setFarClip(10000000.0);

    camera.getTransforms().addAll (
            new Rotate(0, Rotate.Y_AXIS),
            new Rotate(0, Rotate.X_AXIS),

            new Translate(0, 0, -1000));
    scene.setCamera(camera);
    Cube c1 = new Cube(50,Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.ORANGE.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.RED.darker(),1);
     c1.setTranslateX(100);

    Cube c2 = new Cube(50,Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.YELLOW.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.RED.darker(),1);
    c2.setTranslateX(50);

    Cube c3 = new Cube(50,Color.CYAN.brighter(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.YELLOW.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.RED.darker(),1);
    c3.setTranslateX(50);
    c3.setTranslateZ(50);

    Cube c4 = new Cube(50,Color.CYAN.brighter(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.ORANGE.darker(),Color.YELLOW.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.RED.darker(),1);
    c4.setTranslateX(100);
    c4.setTranslateZ(50);

    Cube c5 = new Cube(50,Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.ORANGE.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.RED.darker(),1);
     c5.setTranslateX(100);
     c5.setTranslateY(50);

    Cube c6 = new Cube(50,Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.YELLOW.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.RED.darker(),1);
    c6.setTranslateX(50);
    c6.setTranslateY(50);

    Cube c7 = new Cube(50,Color.CYAN.brighter(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.YELLOW.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.RED.darker(),1);
    c7.setTranslateX(50);
    c7.setTranslateZ(50);
    c7.setTranslateY(50);

    Cube c8 = new Cube(50,Color.CYAN.brighter(),Color.GREEN.darker(),Color.ORANGE.darker(),Color.YELLOW.darker(),Color.BLUE.darker(),Color.RED.darker(),1);
    c8.setTranslateX(100);
    c8.setTranslateZ(50);
    c8.setTranslateY(50);
    handleMouse(scene,root);
    Group k=new Group(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8);
    k.setTranslateZ(70);
    root.getChildren().addAll(k);
    primaryStage.setScene(scene);
    primaryStage.show();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); }
    private static final double CONTROL_MULTIPLIER = 0.1;   
    private static final double SHIFT_MULTIPLIER = 10.0;   
    private static final double MOUSE_SPEED = 0.1;    
  private static final double ROTATION_SPEED = 2.0; 
  double mousePosX,mousePosY,mouseOldX,mouseOldY,mouseDeltaX,mouseDeltaY;
  private void handleMouse(Scene scene, final Node root) {


    scene.setOnMousePressed(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
        @Override public void handle(MouseEvent me) {
             mousePosX = me.getSceneX();
             mousePosY = me.getSceneY();
             mouseOldX = me.getSceneX();
             mouseOldY = me.getSceneY();
        }
    });
    scene.setOnMouseDragged(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
        @Override public void handle(MouseEvent me) {
            mouseOldX = mousePosX;
            mouseOldY = mousePosY;
            mousePosX = me.getSceneX();
            mousePosY = me.getSceneY();
            mouseDeltaX = (mousePosX - mouseOldX); 
            mouseDeltaY = (mousePosY - mouseOldY);

           double modifier = 1.0;

           if (me.isControlDown()) {
                modifier = CONTROL_MULTIPLIER;
            } 
            if (me.isShiftDown()) {
                modifier = SHIFT_MULTIPLIER;
            }     
            if (me.isPrimaryButtonDown()) {
                camera.setRotationAxis(Rotate.Y_AXIS);camera.setRotate(camera.getRotate() -
                   mouseDeltaX*modifier*ROTATION_SPEED);  // 
               camera.setRotationAxis(Rotate.X_AXIS);camera.setRotate(camera.getRotate() +
                   mouseDeltaY*modifier*ROTATION_SPEED);  // -

            }
            else if (me.isSecondaryButtonDown()) {
                double z = camera.getTranslateZ();
                double newZ = z + mouseDeltaX*MOUSE_SPEED*modifier;
                camera.setTranslateZ(newZ);
            }

       }
   }); // setOnMouseDragged
 } //handleMouse
}
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2 answers

EDIT:

, , , *. . . .

, .

camera.setNearClip(0.00001);
camera.setFarClip(10000000.0);

, Z-.

camera.setNearClip(0.1);
camera.setFarClip(10000.0);

.

* Mesh. , , , "" 3D-, . . " 3D".

+3

@Marco13 - , , @jewelsea, , .

net , :

Cube net

Box:

Box cube = new Box();
PhongMaterial material = new PhongMaterial();
material.setDiffuseMap(new Image(getClass().getResource("cubeNet.png").toExternalForm()));
cube.setMaterial(material);

, .

, CuboidMesh FXyz.

CuboidMesh cube = new CuboidMesh();
cube.setTextureModeImage(getClass().getResource("cubeNet.png").toExternalForm());

Cuboid texture

post , .

, 27 , - , :

Palette

, .

, :

public static final int RED     = 0;
public static final int GREEN   = 1;
public static final int BLUE    = 2;
public static final int YELLOW  = 3;
public static final int ORANGE  = 4;
public static final int WHITE   = 5;
public static final int GRAY    = 6;

x :

public static final float X_RED     = 0.5f / 7f;
public static final float X_GREEN   = 1.5f / 7f;
public static final float X_BLUE    = 2.5f / 7f;
public static final float X_YELLOW  = 3.5f / 7f;
public static final float X_ORANGE  = 4.5f / 7f;
public static final float X_WHITE   = 5.5f / 7f;
public static final float X_GRAY    = 6.5f / 7f;

, TriangleMesh, :

private TriangleMesh createCube(int[] face) {
    TriangleMesh m = new TriangleMesh();
    m.getPoints().addAll(
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f
    );
    m.getTexCoords().addAll(
     X_RED, 0.5f, 
     X_GREEN, 0.5f,
     X_BLUE, 0.5f, 
     X_YELLOW, 0.5f, 
     X_ORANGE, 0.5f,  
     X_WHITE, 0.5f,
     X_GRAY, 0.5f
    );

, : . , : F - R - U - B - L - D:

    m.getFaces().addAll(
     2, face[0], 3, face[0], 6, face[0],      // F      
     3, face[0], 7, face[0], 6, face[0],  

     0, face[1], 1, face[1], 2, face[1],      // R     
     2, face[1], 1, face[1], 3, face[1],         

     1, face[2], 5, face[2], 3, face[2],      // U   
     5, face[2], 7, face[2], 3, face[2],

     0, face[3], 4, face[3], 1, face[3],      // B      
     4, face[3], 5, face[3], 1, face[3],       

     4, face[4], 6, face[4], 5, face[4],      // L      
     6, face[4], 7, face[4], 5, face[4],    

     0, face[5], 2, face[5], 4, face[5],      // D      
     2, face[5], 6, face[5], 4, face[5]         
    );
    return m;
}

.

int[] p = new int[]{BLUE, GRAY, GRAY, GRAY, ORANGE, WHITE};
MeshView meshP = new MeshView();
meshP.setMesh(createCube(p));
PhongMaterial mat = new PhongMaterial();
mat.setDiffuseMap(new Image(getClass().getResourceAsStream("palette.png")));
meshP.setMaterial(mat);

.

27 , Rubik:

Rubik's Cube

, , .

+1

Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/1627553/

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