The default widgets are calling update_option()in wp_install_defaults()to wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php.
After it wp_install_defaults()was called wpmu_create_blog()in wp-includes/ms-functions.php, the action is wpmu_new_blogstarted.
, wpmu_new_blog , update_option(), sidebar-1.
add_action('wpmu_new_blog', function($blog_id){
switch_to_blog($blog_id);
update_option('sidebars_widgets',
['wp_inactive_widgets' => [], 'sidebar-1' => [], 'sidebar-2' => [],
'sidebar-3' => [], 'array_version' => 3]);
restore_current_blog();
});