No, asynchronous calls are a way to structure a program. threading, multiprocessingcan be used to implement some of these calls (but they are neither necessary nor common in Python asynchronous frames).
Concurrency is not parallelism :
In concurrency programming, there is composition independently the execution of processes, and parallelism is the simultaneous execution of (possibly related) calculations
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async async Python, - . asyncio - , , curio, async, asyncio. : Python concurrency : LIVE!.