You can use the maven-resources-plugin to do this, as pointed out in the comments.
I have not tried, but the configuration should look something like this:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>readme-md</id>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-resources</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${project.basedir}</outputDirectory>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>${project.basedir}</directory>
<includes>
<include>README.md</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
And on your README.md, where you want the version, you put a placeholder ${project.version}.
, copy-resources .
${project.basedir}, maven , , , README.md.
, , , , pom.xml . .
, , . , mvn resources:resources mvn release:perform. , .