Use the constructor dict:
In [1]: lst = [['hate', '10'], ['would', '5'], ['hello', '10'], ['pigeon', '1'], ['adore', '10']]
In [2]: dict(lst)
Out[2]: {'adore': '10', 'hate': '10', 'hello': '10', 'pigeon': '1', 'would': '5'}
Note that from your edit you will need values ββthat should be integers, not strings (for example, '10'), in which case you can discard the second element of each internal list in intbefore passing them to dict:
In [3]: dict([(e[0], int(e[1])) for e in lst])
Out[3]: {'adore': 10, 'hate': 10, 'hello': 10, 'pigeon': 1, 'would': 5}