The indexed database does not have the current observer API. However, it is on the feature request list and there are similar offers from both Mozilla and Google.
https://github.com/w3c/IndexedDB/issues/51
In other words: yes, you need to create some kind of custom internetworking mechanism, such as polling, storage events, setting up MessageChannel (Chrome), BroadcastChannel (Firefox) links or using Service Worker as a relay between clients.
NEWS FLASH!
Chrome API Indexed DB Observers. chrome --enable-experimental-web-platform-features
, , . - github.