This is because, image.getRGB(x, y)by definition, it returns ARGB values in the sRGB color space.
From JavaDoc :
RGB (TYPE_INT_ARGB) sRGB . , ColorModel.
Matlab , , RGB , .
Java, (TYPE_BYTE_GRAY), Raster getDataElements.
Object pixel = raster.getDataElements(0, 0, null); // x, y, data array (initialized if null)
TYPE_BYTE_GRAY, pixel byte .
int grayValue = ((byte[]) pixel)[0] & 0xff;
153 .