I do not think that this requires a one-line, but something like this should work.
First, the regular expression must be fixed for use +instead of the *first \d, to make sure that it matches the first part:
/\d+\.?\d*/
, :
str = "hello there can sometimes be decimals like 1.5 in here"
var num = str.match(/\d+\.?\d*/);
var parts = str.split(/\d+\.?\d*/);
parts.splice(1,0,num);