Gradle and nested intransitive dependencies

Question

Here is a test project: click

I have a test project Gradle Android with three modules: app, library_a, library_b. appdepends on library_a, then library_adepends on library_b:

build.gradle (application)

dependencies {
    ...
    compile (project(":library_a")){
        transitive = false;
    }
}

build.gradle (library_a)

dependencies {
    ...
    compile (project(":library_b")){
        transitive = false;
    }
}

Please note that I install transitive = falsebecause I do not want classes from to library_bbe accessible fromapp

Each module has only one class, the code is pretty simple:

applications:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        //...
        ClassA classA = new ClassA();
        classA.doSomething();
    }
}

library_a:

public class ClassA
{
    public void doSomething(){
        Log.i("Test", "Done A!");

        ClassB classB = new ClassB();
        classB.doSomething();
    }
}

library_b:

public class ClassB
{
    public void doSomething(){
        Log.i("Test", "Done B!");
    }
}

Well, here is the problem: I am building my project using gradlew. Apk compiles successfully, but when I run it, I get a NoClassDefFoundError.

I/Test﹕ Done A!
E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: ru.pvolan.library_b.ClassB
            at ru.pvolan.somelibrary.ClassA.doSomething(ClassA.java:12)
            ...

transitive = true .gradle, , , , , , , ClassB MainActivity - ClassA.

?

Answer 1

, library_b . , , . , , , , Gradle. , , PMD. .

- , "", library_b app.

dependencies {
    runtime project(':library_b')
}

Answer 2

, Gradle Gradle v3.4.

A, v3.4, .

Gradle 3.4 "" "api" "".

Gradle 3.4 java-library java-.

"api" , API ( , ..).

, "" (, Library B), "". B , ; , A .

A script

apply plugin: 'java' 

dependencies {
    ...
    compile (project(":library_b")){
        transitive = false;
    }
}

apply plugin: 'java-library'

dependencies {
    implementation project(":library_b")
}

Gradle B , , B - A . - B , B , , .

. Gradle : https://blog.gradle.org/incremental-compiler-avoidance

Answer 3

multidex? , multidex . , multidex proguard.

UPD

android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.0"

defaultConfig {
        ...
        minSdkVersion 14
        targetSdkVersion 21
        ...
// Enabling multidex support.
        multiDexEnabled true
    }
    ...
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
} 

more about multi dex https://developer.android.com/tools/building/multidex.html

and about proguard http://developer.android.com/tools/help/proguard.html