Your problem is that it COUNTcounts every result that is not NULL. In your case, you use:
COUNT(distinct case when name = 'sweets' then 1 else 0 end)
, sweets, 0. , DISTINCT, . SUM, DISTINCT ELSE 0:
SELECT DATE(date) as day,
COUNT(*),
SUM(CASE WHEN name = 'fruit' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as fruits,
SUM(CASE WHEN name = 'vege' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as vege,
SUM(CASE WHEN name = 'sweets' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as sweets
FROM food
GROUP BY DAY
WITH ROLLUP
:
SELECT DATE(date) as day,
COUNT(*),
COUNT(CASE WHEN name = 'fruit' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) as fruits,
COUNT(CASE WHEN name = 'vege' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) as vege,
COUNT(CASE WHEN name = 'sweets' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) as sweets
FROM food
GROUP BY DAY
WITH ROLLUP
sqlfiddle.