Search for bridges in a graph without recursion

Question

I have this code to find bridges in a linked graph:

void dfs (int v, int p = -1) {
    used[v] = true;
    tin[v] = fup[v] = timer++;
    for (size_t i=0; i<g[v].size(); ++i) {
        int to = g[v][i];
        if (to == p)  continue;
        if (used[to])
            fup[v] = min (fup[v], tin[to]);
        else {
            dfs (to, v);
            fup[v] = min (fup[v], fup[to]);
            if (fup[to] > tin[v])
                printf("%d %d", v, to);
        }
    }
}

How to rewrite it without using recursion? I know this can be done, and I have to use the stack, but this line should be executed after the dfs () call recursively, and I cannot achieve with the stack:

fup[v] = min(fup[v], fup[to])

So how to rewrite my algorithm iteratively?

Answer 1

Do you want to create a stack frame structure

struct Frame {
    Frame(int v, int p, int i, Label label);
    int v;
    int p;
    int i;
};

// constructor here

and, as you say, a stack<Frame>. Between all of these fields, you can simulate a call stack ( unverified code to give a general idea).

void dfs(int v, int p = -1) {
  stack<Frame> st;
  st.push(Frame(v, p, 0));
  do {
    Frame fr(st.top());
    st.pop();
    v = fr.v;
    p = fr.p;
    int i(fr.i);
    if (i > 0) {
      int to(g[v][i - 1]);
      fup[v] = min(fup[v], fup[to]);
      if (fup[to] > tin[v]) { printf("%d %d", v, to); }
      if (i == g[v].size()) { continue; }
    } else if (i == 0) {
      used[v] = true;
      tin[v] = fup[v] = timer++;
    }
    int to(g[v][i]);
    if (to == p) { continue; }
    if (used[to]) {
       fup[v] = min(fup[v], tin[to]);
    } else {
       st.push(Frame(to, v, 0));
    }
    st.push(Frame(v, p, i + 1));
  } while (!st.empty());
}