You should try indexing rows or main rows. They also maintain spatial locality, but they can be calculated more efficiently, even in higher dimensions.
You can read about indexing rows and main columns in more detail (but in a less geometric sense) in the book “Assembly Language,” chapter 5, pages 211-216. The relevant chapter is available online here .
And there is a good article about the various spatial indexing methods that you can consider, including those mentioned: Samet, H. 2017. Sorting Spatial data. International Encyclopedia of Geography. 1-11.
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