It turns out that I was already on the right track ... just not completely:
I really need to listen to signals modificationChanged, as they are emitted when content changes (which are important events for my processing of maintaining the state of the application).
, , reset (, ). , setModified(bool) QPlainTextEdit, , QTextDocument, . , , reset :
m_pPlainTextEdit->document()->setModified(false);
, , modificationChanged , , , "".
BTW: contentsChanged QTextDocument , .