Your conclusion is correct, and this is not a neo4jphp related issue. Cypher does not allow you to parameterize relationship depth. If your depth should be dynamic, you need to build your query as follows:
$depth=some_value;
$query="MATCH (a:user{id:{usd}})-[:likes*1.." . $depth . "]->(b:product{id:{pid}})
return a"
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