What is the growth direction of the program stack?

Question

I read Professional Assembly Language by Richard Blum, and I am confused about the inconsistencies in the book, and I wonder what exactly is the direction of the growth of the program stack? This is an image from page 312 that says the program stack is growing.

But when I reached page 322, I see another version that suggests that the software package is growing.

and this one

Answer 1

The book is not inconsistent; each picture shows the top addresses at the top.

, . , . . , , .

Answer 2

, , , .

, . , . MacOS OSX , , .

Answer 3

:

. TMS Piccolo , "PUSH" . , , . ARM- 4 , , .

x86:

x86- ALWAYS , "PUSH" ; .

, (s > ) . , ( -16 (% ebp)). , 312 .

- -

"PUSH", . , "PUSH" (, PowerPC ARM ARM-THUMB), .

Answer 4

( ) . (, PowerPC) HW-. , : Pre-incrementing, post-incrementing. - -.

PPC , , .

PPC 2 - " " . , - .

pre-increment: the stack pointer is incremented until the last stack item in the push stack pointer is stored. It can be seen in several stranger 8-bit architectures (some fourth processors, etc.).

post-incrementing: saving is performed before the stack pointer increment - the stack pointer points to the first element of the free stack.

before and after decrements: similarly higher, but the stack grows down (more often).

The most common is post-decrement.