The security role determines which privileges (the things that they do and the entities that they can use) that the user has.
The business unit determines which records they will have access to with these security roles.
Together, they can be used to store data between different business areas and users.
Business units are arranged in a hierarchy.
Root
Marketing
Finance
Sale
Service
If a user in finance was to work in marketing, the classic answer would be to move them up the hierarchy to the root, where they have access to all the children (provided that their security role gives them access to child BE). However, in this case, it also gives them access to sales and services, which may be undesirable.
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