This related question is a good example of using lua with Excel. It actually contains a lot of documentation on how to speak lua / Excel.
You cannot directly work with other languages ββin Excel, as you can VBA. However, many languages ββhave the ability to create COM objects (for example, in the example above) that allow you to interact with Excel in the same way as in VBA. Here's a Python package that does the same.
But if you want to basically write lua code in the VBA editor and "change the language", then no, you cannot.
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