Yes, it is possible , but there must be a strong justification for this path. For best performance, use
Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(jpegArray, 0, jpegArray.length);
Even if you need to decode the same jpeg twice - once in C, once in Java, it will save you both from programming efforts and from runtime.
Please note that Android has a built-in libjpeg (see /system/lib on your device), and decodeByteArray() uses it and is highly optimized.
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