These are called Office URI Schemas.
The original part of the URI indicates the application to be used (ms-word provides the word)
In accordance with the documentation ofe allows you to open the application in edit mode:
Edit document
The following command will force the application to open the document referenced by the URI in edit mode.
Team Name: ofe
Command argument descriptor: u
Command argument: URI for a document based on an http or https scheme
Example: ms-powerpoint:ofe|u|http://www.fourthcoffee.com/AllHandsDeck.ppt
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