I am not sure what alternative you are looking for. Responsive Design means “environmentally friendly design”. To do this, you need something that allows you to say "if the environment is X, make Y." What media queries do.
It will be a crazy task to write media queries for each screen size.
It would be! This is not an idea. The web does not work like that. HTML and its layout system are designed, as far as possible, for viewing on almost any device that uses all kinds of programs (web browser, screen reader, braille, search robot, etc.).
For example: by default, block-level elements occupy as much horizontal space as is available. You do not need to write a media query for every possible screen size to get them to do this, they just do it.
Breakpoints for your layout should be based more on the content being hosted than on the sizes of different devices. There are some good articles outlining the approach:
If you write new styles for each slightly different screen size, you are probably mistaken.
You can look at the screen sizes of popular devices to communicate your design decisions, but Wikipedia already lists them and will continue to do so in the future when new devices appear.
It’s not easy to make a design that works in many different viewports, but that’s not because of how media queries work. Its an urgent task.
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