If you see only orange navBar , then your self.navigationItem just does not appear. You need your viewController be a child of the navigationController , for example: 
If you do, you can write self.navigationItem.title = @"123"; , like here: 
and you will get the result you want: 
UPD: Or you can do this:
@interface MCViewController () @property (strong, nonatomic) UINavigationItem *navItem; @property (strong, nonatomic) UINavigationBar *navBar; @end @implementation MCViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.navItem = [[UINavigationItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"TEST"]; self.navBar = [[UINavigationBar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.view.frame.size.width, 44)]; self.navBar.items = @[self.navItem]; [self.view addSubview:self.navBar]; } @end
And after that, change the title property of navItem .
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