You can try the following:
echo "9191234567" | sed 's/^\([0-9]\{3\}\)\([0-9]\{7\}\)$/\1 \2/'
To save each part in a separate variable, you can do this:
phone="9191234567" part1=$(echo $phone | sed 's/^\([0-9]\{3\}\)[0-9]\{7\}$/\1/') part2=$(echo $phone | sed 's/^[0-9]\{3\}\([0-9]\{7\}\)$/\1/')
Or even more concise:
read part1 part2 <<< $(echo "9191234567" | sed 's/^\([0-9]\{3\}\)\([0-9]\{7\}\)$/\1 \2/')
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